Background: Adverse drug reaction is any noxious, unintended and undesired effect of a drug which resulted from inadequate monitoring of therapy or inappropriate dosing. It may be unexpected, unknown and/or rare. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In some case it is life- threatening, and can be major determinants of treatment outcomes. All healthcare professionals are encouraged to report ADR But under-reporting remains a major draw-back of spontaneous reporting. Therefore this study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare professionals towards ADR reporting and try to fill the information gap in the study area. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of ADR reporting among health care professionals working at Public Hospitals in Harar Town Eastern Ethiopia 2020. Methodology: Health facility based cross sectional study was conducted on 238 Health professional who are working in Public Hospitals of Harar Town Eastern Ethiopia. Sample allocates proportionately and study participant was selected by systematic random sampling method. Collected and checked data were entered in to Epi Data software version 3.1 and analysis was done by SPSS version 21. Mean value were used to classify as good or poor knowledge, altitude and practice on ADR reporting. Finding was summarized and presented in forms of tables and statement. Result: The overall prevalence of good knowledge, altitude and practice of ADR reporting was 42.9 %, 34.5 % and 39.9 % respectively. Majority 158 (66.4%) of study participant does not feel that there are adequately trained on ADR reporting. While 206 (86.6 %) and 208 (87.4%) of health professional agree that reporting drug safety is important for the public and health care system. One third of health professionals 74 (31.4%, P = 0.002) significantly reported that there had encountered ADR. Conclusion and Recommendation: On this study majority respondent had poor knowledge, altitude and ADR Reporting practices. Therefore Training provision, awareness creation, Strong and collaborative ADR reporting mechanisms, continuous monitoring and evaluation need to be established on each health institution.

Various modalities of treatment options and dressing materials are available in today’s era of medical advancement. A lot of newer dressing materials and adjuncts are in use for burn wound management. Bilaminar dermal regeneration template has been in use since the 1980s but owing to its high cost, its affordability and availability in third world developing countries is questionable. Here we have described our experience with the use of an indigenously made cost effective dermal regeneration template made from available materials in degloving injury raw area.

Bovine Trypanosomosis is one of the most parsimoniously challenging diseases in influencing mammals like cattle and it is a grave haemoprotozoan disease triggered by different species of unicellular eukaryotic parasite of the genus trypanosome. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, and the influence of associated risk factors on cattle reared in Chora district of Buno Bedele Zone. A Blood sample was collected from a total of 401 cattle of age ranges from 1 to 6 years. The presence of parasites from sampled blood was examined using a method of Buffy Coat Technique and a technique of Giemsa-stained thin blood films was used to identify the existing trypanosome species in the study area. The Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of collected blood samples was determined using haematocrit. A total of 50 traps were deployed to study the entomological survey. In general, 2.99 % of the studied cattle were infected with Trypanosomosis and the T.Vivax (58.33%) was the dominant species of trypanosomosis and followed by T. congulense (41.67%) in the study area. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were observed due to associated risk factors viz. Body Condition and age of cattle, whereas sampling sites and sex did not significantly affect the prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis. The mean PCV value of Parasitaemic and Aparasitaemic animals were 21.37 ± 0.19 and 27.89 ± 0.16, respectively and they were statistically different at (P< 0.05). Overall of 0.80 flies per trap per day was recorded from the study area and among the caught flies of Glossina species, 10%, 54% and 36% of them were, G.tachinoides, G.pallidipes and G.fuscipes, respectively. Therefore, the veterinarian’s has to continue providing the appropriate medication/treatment for the infected animals per appropriate recommendation and Bedele NTTICC has to take more focus to control the density and distribution of tsetse flies as well as biting flies for the transmission of high incidence of T. Vivax through mechanical ways of transmission of the disease.

Background: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus in Wuhan, China, in early 2020, the Chinese government has formed a mode of information disclosure. More than 400 cities have announced specific location information for newly diagnosed cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia, including residential areas or places of stay. We have established a conditional random field model and a rule-dependent model based on Chinese geographical name elements. Taking Guangdong Province as an example, the identification of named entities and the automatic extraction of epidemic-related sites are carried out. This method will help locate the spread of the epidemic, prevent and control the spread of the epidemic, and gain more time for vaccine clinical trials. Methods: Based on the presentation form of the habitual place or place of stay of the diagnosed cases in the text of the web page, a conditional random field model is established, and a rule-dependent model is established according to the combination rule of the elements of the place words and the place name dictionary composed of provinces, cities and administrative regions. Findings: The results of the analysis based on the conditional random field model and the rule-dependent model show that the location of confirmed cases of new coronavirus pneumonia in Guangdong Province in mid-February is mainly concentrated in Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Zhuhai and Shantou Cities. In Guangzhou, Futian District has more epidemic sites and Huangpu and Conghua District have fewer epidemic sites. Government officials in Guangzhou City should pay attention to Futian District. Interpretation: Governments at all levels in Guangzhou Province have intervened to control the epidemic through various means in mid-February. According to the results of the model analysis, we believe that the administrative regions with more diagnosed locations should focus on and take measures such as blockades and control of personnel flow to control the disease in those administrative regions to avoid affecting other adjacent administrative regions.

Pressure ulcer or pressure sore is one of the complications seen in bedridden patients. Management of these ulcers is often challenging. But there is no well-established method that accelerates the wound healing rate. Various adjunctive methods are used for wound bed preparation before definitive reconstruction plan is made. Here we describe our experience in the role of insulin therapy as an adjunct in the management of pressure sores.